A new ship energy management algorithm to the smart electricity grid system

In this paper, a new energy management algorithm has been suggested for the ships connected with alternative energies considering the smart electricity grid features. The algorithm focuses on the use of optimum energy source on the shipboard based on the priorities of authorities such as the most economic, environmental, or both criteria at the ports. The algorithm is performed in MATLAB, and several case studies are simulated to validate the results. The 5 maritime nations, which are at different regions: United States, Belgium, Turkey, China, and Australia, are taken into account in the case studies. The actual data of a bulk carrier ship have been used to achieve tangible results in the simulations. The results of the case studies are compared to determine the changes of energy cost and released emission to meet demand of electricity on the ships. Capital cost of the proposed concept is also given to make an economic evaluation. The results show that the ship energy management algorithm provides the significant economic and environmental advantages. This paper aims to contribute to the importance of the ships in the smart electricity grid concept for the maritime and electricity sector representatives.     

An intelligent control of NH3 injection for optimizing the NOx/NH3 ratio in SCR system

The distribution of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) flux within the cross-section area in front of ammonia injection grid (AIG) under different operating conditions was obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Weight of NO_x flux in the sub-zone corresponding to each of the ammonia (NH₃) injection branch-pipes of AIG system was analyzed and the sensitivity of which against the plant power load was figured out. A number of “critical” ammonia injection branch-pipes were determined with regard to the weight sensitivity analysis. The selected “critical” branch-pipes were changed to be controlled by the automatic valves, and an intelligent tuning strategy was proposed. The NO_x/NH₃ mixing stoichiometry over the cross-section area in front of AIG system was significantly modified for the high utilization ratio of ammonia. A case work was launched on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system of a 660 MW plant. As a result, the ammonia consumption rate (ACR) was found to be reduced by 6.44% compared to that under previous control system, and was 9.31% lower than that of the unapplied system. The methodology for determining the “critical” branch-pipes and intelligent tuning strategy of ammonia injection notably saved the ammonia consumption of SCR system, and the formation of ammonium bisulfate (ABS) were greatly confined.     

Recursive least squares estimation methods for a class of nonlinear systems based on non-uniform sampling

Many dynamic processes in practice have nonlinear characteristics and must be described by using nonlinear models. It remains to be a challenging problem to build the models of such nonlinear systems and to estimate their parameters. This article studies the parameter estimation problem for a class of Hammerstein-Wiener nonlinear systems based on non-uniform sampling. By means of the auxiliary model identification idea, an auxiliary model-based recursive least squares algorithm is derived for the systems. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, an auxiliary model-based hierarchical least squares algorithm is proposed by utilizing the hierarchical identification principle. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

粗化床面非均匀沙推移质运动扩散特性研究

对泥沙颗粒运动规律的把握是准确估算推移质输沙率的基础。本文开展了粗化床面条件下的水槽试验，分析了非均匀沙颗粒的均方位移和速度自相关系数变化，并与已有均匀沙试验进行了对比。结果表明，粗化床面存在着由单个或多个粗颗粒组成的粗化结构体，形成比平整床面更复杂的底部边界，粗化结构体对泥沙颗粒运动造成较大影响，颗粒在运动过程中与水流动量交换强度大，泥沙颗粒运动与均匀沙试验“类弹道扩散”存在一定差异；受床面结构影响，部分颗粒表现出较强的横向运动，颗粒的横向扩散特性与流向扩散特性类似。与均匀沙平整床面不同，粗化床面上颗粒运动可能会相应改变床面结构，从而改变水流底部边界条件，进而对泥沙颗粒运动造成影响，泥沙颗粒运动存在较明显的记忆效应和反常扩散现象。     

Combining Electricity and Fuel Supply: Operational Strategies for Biogas Plants

The operational consequences resulting from the combination of a flexibly operated combined heat and power unit (CHP) and an off‐grid biomethane filling station at one biogas plant were investigated. Four different operating scenarios were compared to evaluate the storage capacity needed to balance biogas demand fluctuations and biogas production. The scenario in which fuel production was given priority and electricity was produced within the remaining hours proved to cause the lowest additional costs since it does not require additional installation of biogas storage capacity and causes minor opportunity cost in electricity marketing. Giving fuel demand the priority reduces the necessary biogas storage capacity by 75 % compared to parallel optimization of the electricity and fuel demands.     

Prioritizing the alternatives of the natural gas grid conversion to hydrogen using a hybrid interval rough based Dombi MARCOS model

The aim of this study is to disclose an integrated multi-criteria decision making model as an instrument able to be used for hydrogen gas grid development via natural gas network conversion by considering four main criteria and sixteen sub-criteria. The proposed model consists of two stages using interval rough based Dombi MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution) method. In the first stage, the interval rough Bonferroni logarithmic methodology of additive weights is applied for determining the weight coefficients. In the second stage, the improved interval rough MARCOS method is used to rank the alternatives. A case study for hydrogen gas grid development in Romania set out the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed model is analysed from various points of view so that it can be used effectively in reality not only theoretically. This study analyzes four technical alternatives for hydrogen gas grid development. The results show that the conversion for mixtures natural gas with hydrogen a transporting a mix of gases is the best alternative among the four alternatives, for the next period and in the specific context described by this study. The current technical-economic criteria are rather a constraint when discussing gas infrastructures. For choosing a sustainable solution, a major role comes for decision makers, along with the desire to pay fairly from the consumer.     

聚乙烯格网阻风、消泡的研究与应用

当废水中有表面活性剂成分时,通常采用消泡剂消除好氧曝气池液面聚集的泡沫,但消泡效果差,同时会增加成本和污染物的量。试验发现超小尺寸格网具有阻风、割裂泡沫的功能,采用超小尺寸格网覆盖好氧曝气池池面,能够彻底解决泡沫乱飞的危害,每年可节省消泡剂费用70万元,人工成本20万元,生化出水CODCr的质量浓度比投加消泡剂时下降15～25 mg/L,而且易于管理。     

CFX模拟在液体分布器开发中的应用

应用计算流体力学ANSYS-CFX软件对同心结构液体分配器和偏心结构分配器的流场进行了模拟。计算结果的对比分析表明:在相同条件下,偏心分配器的流体均布性能良好,液体分配更均匀。模拟结果与实验数据相吻合,说明本文所采用的方法及模型是可行的,为分布器的研究开发,提供一种比较经济科学的模拟预测方法。     

重型AT锁止阀的流量特性分析与优化

为了提高锁止阀开启中液动力的计算效率,通过动网格技术在流体动力学软件Fluent中模拟锁止阀的阀芯开启过程,在对阀口过流面积进行数值计算的基础上,分析其流量及流量系数随阀芯位移的变化情况。使用BP神经网络对随机抽样法获得的样本数据进行训练和预测,并对预测的结果进行准确性评估。最后,以BP神经网络预测的数学模型为基础,使用遗传算法对锁止阀节流槽参数进行优化。结果表明：优化后的锁止阀开启过程中流量-开度特性更加稳定,有利于提高锁止阀的工作性能。     

机场工程建设安全管控模式研究——以浦东国际机场三期扩建工程为例

随着信息化、全球经济化的发展,人们出行面临越来越多的选择,特别是航空出行越来越成为更多人的选择,因此 对于民用机场的新建、改扩建等越来越迫在眉睫。民用机场工程建设扩张也带来危机,安全方面的困境层出不穷,安全管理 理念越来深入人心,机场的建设给管理和运行带来更高的要求。大型枢纽机场不能再停留在传统的工程项目管理水平上,而 是要建立科学有效的体系、采取有效的措施,在施工安全管控上加强与完善。以浦东国际机场三期扩建工程为例,以施工阶 段业主方的角度阐述机场工程建设安全管控模式。以期为类似工程建设安全管控提供借鉴和指导。